See treatment of hospitalacquired and ventilatorassociated pneumonia in adults and risk factors and prevention of hospitalacquired and ventilator. Broadly speaking, pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung, the alveoli in particular. Pneumonia definition is an acute disease that is marked by inflammation of lung tissue accompanied by infiltration of alveoli and often bronchioles with white blood cells such as neutrophils and fibrinous exudate, is characterized by fever, chills, cough, difficulty in breathing, fatigue, chest pain, and reduced lung expansion, and is typically caused by an infectious agent such as a. The journal will not consider case reports describing preventive or therapeutic interventions, as these generally require stronger evidence. Pneumonia is mainly caused by microorganisms which enter the. In industrialized nations, it is the leading infectious cause of death. Lowe, cyprian muyodi, esther getambu, fergus gleeson and j. Causes, symptoms, treatment, preventive measures, and prognosis differ depending on whether the infection is bacterial, mycobacterial, viral, fungal, or.
Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs before the invention of antibiotics in the 1930s, it was a leading cause of death. When managed in hospital the diagnosis is usually confirmed by chest xray. Typically symptoms include some combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever, and trouble breathing. When you get pneumonia whether it was caused by a bacteria, virus, or fungus theres a chance it could lead to other medical troubles. Bronchial pneumonia also known as bronchopneumonia affects patches throughout both lungs. Pdf a novel transfer learning based approach for pneumonia. Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lungs caused by infection. Nov 21, 2017 pneumonia treatment, nursing interventions. Ppt pneumonia powerpoint presentation free to view id. Communityacquired pneumonia education booklet outpatient page 1 updated june 2009 what is pneumonia.
Watkins, md, ms, akron general medical center, akron, ohio tracy l. Noninfectious mimics of communityacquired pneumonia. Communityacquired pneumonia cap is one of the most common serious infective diseases, accounting for nearly 1% of all medical admissions. Currently pneumonia is the sixth most common cause of death for all ages. But when inhaled into lungs, they can cause pneumonia. Pneumonia pneumonia is an infection in one or both of your lungs. Pneumonia in children typically presents with tachypnea rapid breathing, fever, and cough. Diagnosis and treatment of communityacquired pneumonia. Pneumonia diagnosis of pneumonia a pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. Pneumonia is highly treatable, but remains a leading killer in some areas of the third world. It is the leading infectious cause of hospitalization and death in the united states and exacts an enormous cost in economic and human terms. He or she may also order a chest xray and a complete blood count to see if you have an pneumonia.
Pneumonia is usually caused by infection with viruses or bacteria and less commonly by other. Introduction this is a case of a 6mos old male baby who was diagnosed wit pcap. He states that two days ago upon returning from spring break in australia he drank a significant amount of alcohol and. The most common infectious cause of pneumonia in the united states is the bacteria streptococcus pneumoniae. Chau duy khanh thach ngoc minh danh thi kim huyen nguyen duy khue le hoang mon le vu khuyen 3. Pneumonia can be caused by viruses, bacteria, and fungi centers for disease control, 2015. Communityacquired pneumonia patient education booklet. Communityacquired pneumonia patient education booklet out. Pneumonia knowledge for medical students and physicians. Pneumonia is an infection of one or both of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi.
Pneumonia is a lung infection that can be caused by different types of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites 5. If you develop pneumonia while in a hospital or another healthcare facility such. Idsaats guidelines on communityacquired pneumonia in adults is the property of its rightful owner. Predisposing factors of pneumonia causes aetiology classification of pneumonia according to 7 clinical settings. Pneumonia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality and can affect all age groups although it is the very young and the very old who are most at risk. The initial choice of antibiotic is made empirically.
The diagnosis of cap is usually made in patients with suggestive symptoms, signs, and radiological features. Ppt pneumonia powerpoint presentation free to download. Infection of the lung parenchyma causative agents include bacteria, viruses. Pneumonia is a respiratory infection characterized by inflammation of the alveolar space andor the interstitial tissue of the lungs. What host factors may have predisposed this patient to pneumonia. Ventilatorassociated pneumonia vap is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in critically unwell patients within the intensive care unit icu who undergo invasive mechanical ventilation mv via an endotracheal tube ett or tracheostomy. Communityacquired pneumonia pulmonary disorders msd. Characterized primarily by inflammation of the alveoli in the lungs alveoli are microscopic sacs in the lungs that absorb oxygen. Started in 1995, this collection now contains 6767 interlinked topic pages divided into a tree of 31 specialty books and 732 chapters. If you develop pneumonia while in a hospital or another healthcare facility such as a nursing home, you may need. Idsaats guidelines on communityacquired pneumonia in adults. Lobar pneumonia affects one or more sections lobes of the lungs. Atypical pneumonia, also known as walking pneumonia, is any type of pneumonia not caused by one of the pathogens most commonly associated with the disease.
A number of noninfectious conditions, including neoplastic lesions, pulmonary oedema, pulmonary embolism, druginduced pneumonitis, diffuse alveolar haemorrhage syndromes, cryptogenic. The usual approach is to give antibiotics effective against the most likely bacteria causing the infection. Community acquired pneumonia boston health care for the. The different types will be covered on the physician assistant exam pance. Communityacquired pneumonia etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, signs. Pneumonia has become treatable, but remains a public health problem. Diagnosis and management of communityacquired pneumonia in.
Pneumoniae structural lung disease pseudomonas aeruginosa,burkholderia. Its clinical presentation contrasts to that of typical pneumonia. Powerpoint tips and tricks for business presentations. Chest xray interpretation american college of cardiology.
A presentation during our medicine posting internship days. Their clinical presentation includes coryza, malaise, fever, paroxysms of cough occasionally accompanied by emesis, apnea, poor feeding, and cyanosis. Pneumonia severity assessment home national medical. Overview of pneumonia merck manuals professional edition. Possible etiological agent according to susceptibility alcoholism klebsiella pneumoniae, oral anaerobes,s pneumoniae, m. Pneumonia can also be caused by accidentally inhaling saliva or small pieces of food. Because pneumonia is usually caused by bacteria, it can generally be treated effectively with antibiotics. What pneumonia does when you have pneumonia your lungs are inflamed or infected.
Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that can be caused by a variety of different pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and mycobacteria. This type of pneumonia is often a complication of viral respiratory disease such as influenza. You can become infected if you come in contact with someone who is sick. People with pneumonia often have a cough, fever or chills, difficulty breathing, low energy and poor appetite. Lung air sacs are structures that help in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Types of pneumonia pneumonia affects your lungs in two ways. Ppt pneumonia powerpoint presentation free to view. Pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among adults worldwide. Apr 12, 2016 communityacquired pneumonia cap is a common cause of presentation to healthcare facilities. Pneumonia is an infection in your lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. While many people are exposed to pneumococcus, usually only those with underlying health issues develop pneumonia. What you should know about pneumonias for the physician. It is possible to have pneumonia without a cough or fever.
Communityacquired pneumonia is contracted outside of a hospital or other healthcare facility ie, in the community, and often follows a viral respiratory infection such as a cold or the flu musher 2012. Pneumonia outlines introduction signs and symptoms etiology diagnosis complications treatment general management 3. Pneumonia, along with influenza, is the eighth leading cause of death in the united states. It often leads to a sudden high fever, the feeling that you are very unwell, a cough and shortness of breath.
List the various host factors, or conditions which predispose a patient to developing pneumonia. Pneumonia is a leading cause of death in the world and the sixth most common cause of death in the united states. Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that can be caused by a variety of different pathogens, including viruses, bacteria. Pneumonia pneumonia is an infection that makes the tiny air sacs in your lungs inflamed swollen and sore. Diagnosis and management of communityacquired pneumonia in adults richard r. Viruses and fungi cause pneumonia, but most commonly in elderly patients it is caused by bacteria. Pneumonia may occur at any age, but it is many times at least five times more common in elderly. Pneumonia is a medical condition where lung tissue becomes inflamed, usually caused by a virus or bacteria. Its typically caused by an infection, with bacteria as the most popular players. Pneumonia definition of pneumonia by merriamwebster. Definition is an inflammatory condition of the lung it is often characterized as including inflammation of the parenchyma of the lung alveoli and abnormal alveolar filling with fluid consolidation and exudation can be acute chronic.
What organisms are likely to be causing his pneumonia. To describe the presentation, resolution of symptoms, processes of care, and outcomes of pneumococcal pneumonia, and to compare features of the bacteremic and nonbacteremic forms of this illness. Pneumonia is acute inflammation of the lungs caused by infection. Initial diagnosis is usually based on chest xray and clinical findings. Administer medications, as indicated, for example, mucolytics. Pneumonia is a common lung infection characterised by collection of pus and other fluids in the lung air sacs alveoli. View notes pneumonia from health 212 at tribhuvan university. Providing better care for patients who may have pneumonia. Lemonovich, md, university hospitals case medical center, cleveland, ohio c ommunityacquired pneumonia cap is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in adults. The air spaces fill with pus and other liquids, so oxygen cant reach your blood. Pneumonia by kyra trafford on prezi presentation software. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. If so, share your ppt presentation slides online with.
It is a serious infection in which the air sacs fill with pus and other liquid. A discussion on the killer infectious disease of lungs. Pneumonia is most commonly transmitted via aspiration of airborne pathogens primarily bacteria, but also viruses and fungi but may also result from the aspiration of stomach contents. Nursing care plan tutorial how to complete a care plan in nursing school duration.
Most pneumonia s are caused by bacterial infections. Pneumonia that develops 48 hours or more after hospital admission and that was not incubating at hospital admission. Jan 23, 2014 pneumonia pneumonia is an infection in one or both of your lungs. People with severe serious pneumonia may need to have treatment in hospital. Find out what kinds of complications pneumonia can lead. Ventilatorassociated pneumonia vap is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in critically. View notes pneumonia ppt from biomed 979 at moi university. You can get pneumonia if you recently had surgery or needed a ventilator to help you breathe.
Viral infections are the most frequent cause of childhood pneumonia, particularly in preschool ages. A case presentation on pneumoni a introduction case presentation is the method of presenting the details about a specific disease. The care provider can usually diagnose the cause and determine the appropriate therapy based on the history and physical. Clinical practice guideline for the outpatient antibiotic. People with mild not so bad pneumonia can usually be treated at home. Explain the pathogenesis of pneumococcal pneumonia. Some patients have few, if any, physical findings other than mild fever. Pneumonia causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology. Hospitalacquired pneumonia is contracted during hospitalization. Pneumonia is categorized based on where it is contracted. Pneumonia is an inflammation of the air sacs in the lungs and the surrounding tissue. Treatment of pneumonia depends on its likely cause and how ill the person is. Pneumonia that develops48 hours or later after admission to the hospital is known as nosocomial or hospital acquired pneumonia. It is not as easy to elicit abnormal physical signs in a bedroom of traditional english winter temperature as in a well heated hospital ward.
Pneumonia is caused by an infection that reaches the tiny air sacs in the lungs, the small passages leading to these air sacs, or both locations. Pneumonia is a lung infection that can range from mild to so severe that you have to go to the hospital it happens when an infection causes the air sacs in your lungs your doctor will call them. Pneumonia, an acute illness, is defined by the centers for disease control and prevention 2014 as. Sometimes a person will have nausea, diarrhea, andor chest pain. Physical examination demonstrates wheezing, crackles, increased fremitus, and bronchial breath sounds over the involved regions of the lungs. It is the number one cause of death from infectious diseases in the united states. Symptoms may come on quickly or may worsen slowly over time. Case reports submitted to pneumonia should make a contribution to medical knowledge and must have educational value or highlight the need for a change in clinical practice or diagnosticprognostic approaches.
The icd10 classification of diseases has removed some of the historical descriptive terms and pneumonia is listed. Acute pneumonias classic pneumococcal bronchopneumonias such as streptococcus pneumoniae. Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation and chest xray. A 20yearold africanamerican man presents complaining of weakness, mild lower abdominal pain and a change in the color of his urine. Pneumonia 15 pneumonia is a lung infection involving the lung alveoli air sacs and can be caused by microbes, including bacteria, viruses, or fungi.
There is fluid accumulation in a lung distal air spaces. Some pathogens can live in nose and throat without causing disease. Most cases of pneumonia are spread persontoperson by coughing out of tiny droplets. Its not contagious, but its often caused by upper respiratory tract infections in the nose and throat, which may be contagious. Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms and do a physical exam. Nov 05, 2018 pneumonia caused by b pertussis occurs predominantly in infants who have not completed their vaccinations or in children who did not receive vaccinations. White memorial medical center wmmc is 353 bed notforprofit, faithbased, teaching hospital that. Pneumonia by magdalyne mandela pneumonia pneumonia is an inflammatory process, involving the terminal airways and alveoli of the lung. Jan 22, 2020 the physical examination findings in viral pneumonia are similar to those of pyogenic pneumonia and are, therefore, nonspecific.